新视野大学英语(第三版)第二册课后翻译答案及原文？

1. 新视野大学英语(第三版)第二册课后翻译答案及原文？

Unit 1

原文：English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.

翻译：人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

原文：中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有"字如其人"的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。

翻译：Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.

Unit 2

原文：A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire people to "try on" subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal (多模式的) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.

翻译：慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。

原文：近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。

翻译：In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.

Unit 3

原文：As an important part of the American culture value system, "individualism" is admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.
翻译：作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，"个人主义"受到大多数美国人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与许多其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要职责，不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。在美国人强调个人自由的同时，父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。

原文：孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutional etiquette）。一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本。

翻译：Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization".
Unit 4

原文：Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed "From your Valentine". Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.
翻译：美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。

原文：农历七月初七是中国的七夕节 (Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河 （the Milky Way）相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。

翻译：July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.

2. 新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit1课后答案及翻译

 新视野大学英语第3版第一册Unit1课后答案及翻译
                    　　导语：《新视野大学英语》使用对象为非英语专业的本科生。现在有些学校使用第二版，有些学校使用第三版教材，下面为同学们整理了新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit1课后答案及翻译，供大家参考!
    
   　　新视野大学英语(第3版)第一册Unit 1答案【Section A】 
   　　I Comprehension of The Text 
  　　1. The attitude is that if one is not moving ahead he is falling behind.
  　　2. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. (People budget it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; they also charge for it.) They do this because time is a precious resource.
  　　3. Everyone is in a rush —often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping.
  　　4. Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly and they resent someone else “wasting”it beyond a certain appropriate point.
  　　5. New arrivals in America will miss opening exchanges, the ritual interaction that goes with a cup of coffee or tea and leisurely chats.
  　　6. Americans produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices. They communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts.
  　　7. The impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.
  　　8. It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the U.S.
   　　Vocabulary 
  　　III
  　　1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. assessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting consequently 10. significance
  　　IV.
  　　1.behind 2. at 3. in 4. out 5. to 6.to 7. in 8. with 9. but 10.for
  　　V.
  　　1. L 2. C 3. D 4. N 5. O 6.A 7.E 8.G 9.I 10.K
   　　WordBuilding 
  　　VI
  　　1. commitment 2. attraction 3. appointment 4. impression
  　　5. civilization 6. composition 7. confusion 8. congratulation
  　　9. consideration 10. explanation 11. acquisition 12. depression
  　　VII.
  　　desirable favorable considerable acceptable
  　　drinkable advisable remarkable preferable
  　　1. advisable 2. desirable 3. favorable 4. considerable 5. remarkable 6. preferable 7. drinkable 8. acceptable
   　　Structure 
  　　VIII
  　　1. much less can he write English articles
  　　2. much less can he manage a big company
  　　3. much less could he carry it upstairs
  　　4. much less have I spoken to him
  　　5. much less to read a lot outside of it
  　　IX
  　　1. Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive.
  　　2. We thought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just very shy.
  　　3. We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us.
  　　4. Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.
  　　5. Some praise him highly, whereas others put him down severely
   　　Translation 
  　　X.
  　　1. She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner.
  　　2. He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.
  　　3. How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?
  　　4. The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.
  　　5. Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
  　　6. We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.
  　　XI
  　　1. 我认为他不会抢劫，更不用说暴力抢劫了。
  　　2. 男工平均工资每小时10美元，而女工才每小时7美元。
  　　3. 自然界的`平衡一旦遭到破坏，就会带来很多不可预知的影响。
  　　4. 期终考试迫在眉睫，你最好多花点时间看书。
  　　5. 有趣的是，消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国。其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响，部分原因是由于产地的变化。
  　　6. 最近一次调查表明，妇女占总劳动力的40%。
   　　Cloze 
  　　1. C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C
  　　11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A
   　　Structured Writing 
  　　XIV.
  　　A larger and larger part of society is expressing its concern about environmental protection. Active in their concern, teachers and students hold specific meetings to discuss environmental protection. Also, city planners take environmental problems into serious consideration. And, though reducing pollution can be expensive, factories often take every possible measure to do their part. Many people are concerned and active because air and water pollution affects everyone and makes it difficult for cities to survive and businesses to make a profit.
   　　新视野大学英语(第3版)第一册Unit 1答案【Section B】 
   　　Comprehension of the Text 
  　　II.
  　　1. D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B
   　　Vocabulary 
  　　III.
  　　1. utilize 2. reject 3. considerable 4. temporary 5. acceptable
  　　6. recognition 7. alleviate 8. appreciate 9. furthermore 10. interact
  　　IV.
  　　1. interact with 2. gone through 3. deal with 4. recovered from
  　　5. adjusting to 6. familiar to 7. In spite of 8. were tired of
  　　9. prevented from 10. came to
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3. 新视野大学英语第1册Unit1课后答案和翻译第三版

 新视野大学英语第1册Unit1课后答案和翻译（第三版）
                       　　导语：《新视野大学英语系列教材是普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材，我提供新视野大学英语第三版第1册Unit2课后答案和翻译，欢迎参考!
    
       　　新视野大学英语(第三版)第一册Unit 1答案【Section A】       　　III.
       　　1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities
       　　IV
       　　1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with
       　　V
       　　1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C
       　　Sentence Structure
       　　VI.
       　　1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor.
       　　2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down.
       　　3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family.
       　　4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite.
       　　5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry.
       　　VII.
       　　1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.
       　　2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.
       　　3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
       　　4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours.
       　　5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company.
       　　Translation
       　　VIII.
       　　1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply.
       　　2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless.
       　　3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.
       　　4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.
       　　5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.
       　　6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
       　　IX.
       　　1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。
       　　2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。
       　　3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。
       　　4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的'课程。
       　　5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。
       　　6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。
       　　Cloze
       　　1. B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6,C 7.B 8.A 9.a 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B
       　　Structured Writing
       　　XII. I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language. It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it took a lot of practice. I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across. I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time. After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.
       　　新视野大学英语(第三版)第一册Unit 1答案【Section B】       　　Reading Skills
       　　1. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4. A 5. B
       　　Comprehension of the Text
       　　II.
       　　1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D
       　　Vocabulary
       　　1. community 2. effective 3. unique 4. committed 5. reinforce 6. perspective 7. explicit 8. challenge 9. hindered 10. arose
       　　IV.
       　　1. for 2. with 3. on 4. on 5. on 6. of 7. in 8. up 9. of 10.In
    ;

4. 新视野大学英语第3版第1册Unit2课后答案和翻译

 新视野大学英语第3版第1册Unit2课后答案和翻译
                       　　导语：《新视野大学英语》(第二版)通过课本、光盘、网络等不同载体的有机结合,为新形势下的`大学英语教学提供多层次、多渠道、立体化的服务。下面我带来新视野大学英语第3版第1册Unit2课后答案和翻译，欢迎大家前来参考。
    
       　　新视野大学英语(第三版)第一册Unit 2答案【Section A】       　　III.1. appeals 2. identity 3. concern 4. disgusting 5. upset 6. influence 7. offensive 8. burst 9. stuff 10. thorough
       　　IV.
       　　1. off/ down 2. off 3. as 4. on 5. for 6. on/upon 7. to 8. over 9. in 10.of
       　　V. 1.H 2.F 3.D 4.K 5.B 6.C 7.L 8.I 9.O 10. N
        　　Sentence Structure 
       　　VI.
       　　1. Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.
       　　Or: As she was getting off the school bus, Kate saw her brother Bill.
       　　2. As she was standing up from he seat, mother dropped the glass to the ground.
       　　Or: Mother dropped the glass to the ground as she was standing up from her seat.
       　　3. A policeman fired at a thief as the thief was bolting out of the house.
       　　Or: As the thief was bolting out of the house, a policeman fired at him.
       　　4. As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.
       　　Or: Sandy thought of he talk with her mother as she ran to catch the school bus.
       　　5. As the teacher entered the classroom, all the students shouted “Happy birthday” to him.
       　　Or: All the students shouted “Happy Birthday” to him as the teacher entered the classroom.
       　　VII.
       　　1. She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.
       　　2. She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.
       　　3. He banged on the door while opening it.
       　　4. In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.
       　　5. The schoolmaster shot an angry glance at the naughty first grader while talking with his parents.
        　　Translation: 
       　　VIII.
       　　1. As she was about to turn off the music, her father burst into he room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”
       　　2. the owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to.
       　　3. Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to her father’s objection.
       　　4. As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start bugging him.
       　　5. At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students.
       　　6. It makes my blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to beg for money along the streets.
       　　IX.
       　　1. 我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。
       　　2. 因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。
       　　3. 父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。
       　　4. 当父母与子女有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。
       　　5. 青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。
       　　6. 比如，青少年希望在外呆到很晚，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了。
        　　Cloze 
       　　X.
       　　1. B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
        　　Structured Writing 
       　　XII. The first thing you should do t make tea is to boil water. While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it. When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot. Then wait for a few minutes to let the leaves steep. Next? Enjoy the tea.
       　　新视野大学英语(第三版)第一册Unit 2答案【Section B】        　　Readingskills 
       　　I.1.F 2.F 3.O 4.O 5.F plus O 6.O 7.O 8.O
        　　Comprehension of the T​ext 
       　　II. 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A
        　　Vocabulary 
       　　III.
       　　1. entitled 2. ruin 3. evaluate 4. trend 5. attitude 6. tend 7. curiosity 8. applying 9. response 10. concept
       　　IV.
       　　1. to 2. in 3. between 4.about 5. across 6.to 7.to 8.in 9.to 10.for
    ;

5. 急求新视野大学英语第一、二、三册的课文翻译啊，

我有第三册的。。。。。。
新视野大学英语第三册Unit 8课文翻译
 
起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。
有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。
克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。
一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，
科幻小说变成了现实。
 
此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。
克林顿总统命令一个全国委员会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。
在欧洲，大多数国家都已禁止克隆人类，各国领导此时也开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。
 
就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提出了一长串难以解答的难题。
关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。
 
首先，为什么有人想克隆人类?
 
专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类：1)父母想要克隆孩子，要么是想为面临死亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官，要么是想代替那个孩子；2)成年人出于各种各样的原因想要克隆自己。
 
是否可能克隆死去的人?
 
有位专家说，如果是刚死去不久，也许就可能。
所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞和一个含有被克隆人的DNA的细胞核相结合。
(DNA是一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分子。) 
这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。
而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。
但是，的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。
 
克隆的人会和母本一模一样吗?
 
相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。任何认识一些双胞胎的人都知道这一点。
事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母体内分享过相同的环境，通常也在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。
父母可能克隆出一个面貌与第一个孩子相似的人，但是所有的证据都表明，这两个人的个性会有很大差异。
一出生就被分开的双胞胎，有时可能有相同的个性特征，但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子或女儿身上，却只能令人想起失去的孩子。
 
即使从生物学的角度看，克隆人也不会和“母本”一模一样。
比如，克隆人的细胞可能会有来自卵子而非被克隆人的能量加工机制。
然而，在母体和克隆体之间存在的身体差异大部分都很小，需要在设备精良的实验室里才能测定。
唯一可能的例外就是生育能力。
成功地实施了克隆多莉的科学家们也不敢肯定多莉是否能生育。
他们会等到多莉到了生育年龄时再确认这一点。
 
如果父母决定克隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样?
 
多数专家都认为，如果一个孩子感到自己只是作为一个器官捐赠者来到这个世界，那他的心理可能受到伤害。
但也有为了进行一些非致命器官的移植而生育第二个小孩的父母，对此许多专家也并不反对。
克隆可以将组织适配率从25%提高到将近100%。
 
如果把被克隆的动物用作器官捐赠体，那我们就不必担心为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。
例如，猪的器官就和人类的差不多大小。
但是人体会排斥并破坏来自其他物种的组织。
为了克服这一障碍，一家公司正在试图改变猪的基因码，以避免猪的器官受到排斥。
如果该公司的技术人员成功的话，那么用克隆技术来繁殖这样的猪比用现行的方法更为有效。
 
克隆的人将如何称呼其DNA捐赠者?
 
称呼“妈妈”不正确，因为提供卵子并生下婴孩的女子才更有资格被称为母亲。
称呼“爸爸”也不对。
传统意义上的父亲只提供孩子身上一半的DNA。
朱迪斯·马丁在用笔名“礼仪小姐”撰写的著作里建议这样称呼：“尊敬的先生/夫人”。
为什么呢? 
“不论他们用什么方式将你带到这个世界，”她说，“人总得尊敬自己的祖先。”
 
这样做还是留下了一些词汇上的难题。
一本词典的主编说，名词“被克隆者”听起来不错，但却不够明晰。
他更愿意用“母本”和“副本”。
 
克隆对社会还有什么其他含义?
 
最让人担心的不是克隆本身，而是基因工程──即根据特定的要求故意改变基因来创造人类。
具体地说，有些专家担心会出现一个新的（和不被尊重的）社会阶层，即“克隆阶层”。
有位专家相信，这一情形类似于16世纪时的一种情况，当时的欧洲人对如何对美洲的陌生居民进行归类感到困惑，并无休止地争论他们究竟是不是人类。
 
问题不胜枚举，而人们只是刚刚开始探询克隆技术出现后的世界的未来。
 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
上星期的新闻报道说，科学家已经克隆了一只绵羊。这一消息引起了学术界和公众的恐慌，他们预想下一个就轮到克隆人类了。
这种反应是可以理解的。
克隆向生物学最基本的规律发起了一次根本性的挑战，因此有理由担心这或许是威胁人类社会和人类尊严的活动的序曲。
然而，这种道义上的反对大多出自一种本能的、未经思索的厌恶。
这种拒绝对此问题作理性思考的行为，甚至使训练有素的科学家和其他专家也难以看清这件事的实质。
虽然克隆人类可能不会给人类带来很大的好处，但也没有人能提供有力的论据证明它会带来真正的危害。
 
保守派的宗教领袖宣称，克隆人类是对人类尊严的一次重大挑战。
假如克隆的人被当作一种次等动物，权利小，地位低，事实就会的确如此。
但是为什么会想到保护人类权利和尊严的法律不适用于被克隆的人呢？ 
一名权威律师提出，克隆将会违犯“基因唯一身份权”。
他从何处得来这一权利？ 
未经通知并征得本人同意，成年人有权不被克隆，这是完全合理的。
但是，如果事先得到允许，那又会侵犯谁的基因身份“权”呢？
 
有关克隆人类前景的科幻小说所发出的种种真切的警告，仔细想来，却变成了无稽之谈。
例如，有人担心，父母克隆孩子是为了“备用器官”，以备原来的孩子器官移植之需。
但是，同卵双胞胎的父母并不会把一个孩子看作另一个孩子的器官作坊。
为什么克隆孩子的父母会有所不同？
 
另一个让人不安的想法是，克隆会使人们致力于培育具有理想基因特质的个人（如数学天才、足球运动员等）。
这样的想法很令人反感，不仅仅缘于一种下意识的厌恶，还因为纳粹分子以优化种族之名实施的恐怖行为。
但是，某些团体实施的培育项目和在民主社会里已有先例的更为无害的培育方式之间存在着天壤之别：前者迫切地培育某类人因而对其余的人进行毁灭，而后者，比如说律师，则是通过自由地选择与别的律师发生性关系得以实现。
已经有了贮存天才的冷冻精子的精子库，但它们还没有生成一个优等种族，原因是很少有妇女排队等候以这种方式怀孕。
为什么我们要认为克隆人类是与此不同的呢？
 
那么谁可能从克隆技术中受益呢？ 
也许是濒临死亡的孩子的父母。
这在心理学上似乎不可信。但是，和一个正常生育的孩子相比，被这样的可疑的父母所克隆的孩子，被关爱或被抛弃的机会却是完全一样的。
患不孕症的夫妇也可能求助于克隆。
这样的夫妇当然也有其他选择（人工授精，或收养孩子)，但这不能作为剥夺他们克隆权利的借口。
或者不妨考虑一下理查德·波斯纳法官举出的例子：有一对夫妇，丈夫不幸有某种基因缺陷。
目前，如果这对夫妇想要一个具有自己遗传基因的孩子，他们有四个不甚令人满意的选择。
他们可以自然生育，但却要冒着把疾病遗传给孩子的风险；
他们可以去精子库，冒险尝试不知名的基因；
他们也可以人工授精，然后在将受精卵植入母体之前，或在生育之前，放弃有遗传缺陷的胎儿──尽管这也可能引起反对；
或者，他们还可以请孩子父亲的某位男性亲戚捐献精子──如果有这么一位亲戚的话。
在这个例子中，就连不愿意在显微镜下创造孩子的人也可能认为克隆不是最坏的选择。
 
即使克隆人类不会给人类提供任何明显的好处，为什么要禁止它？ 
在民主社会里，除非有证据证明某件事确实或可能产生危害，否则我们通常不会立法禁止它。
在我们尚未继续前进之前，最好是先要求暂时停止克隆人类的研究，以便系统地研究它所引发的深刻问题。
当克隆研究重新开始时，克隆人类应该仍然会是一项历时长久的研究活动。
而且，如果试图研究，它就应当──而且毫无疑问地将会──在谨慎的检查和层层的法律监督之下进行。
最重要的是，约束人类克隆行为的，应当也是现在保护人权的同一法律。
对于克隆人来说不安全的世界，也会是一个对我们其他人同样不安全的世界。

6. 第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册课后翻译题的原题及答案

unit1
1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂招待会上发表演讲
 No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.
2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们
 Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.
3.汽车的生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗车辆
 Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了
 If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.
5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活
 Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.
6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金
 Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.
unit2
XI
1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪
 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence.
2.总体来看，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源
 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.
3.正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化
 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
4.考虑到那个地方受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的
 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生 
If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.
6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题
 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.
unit3
XI
1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的
 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.
2.教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划。他们就得面对新计划所带为他们的压力
 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.
3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的 
In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.
4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视
 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.
5. 据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开
It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.
6.这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当作其职责，办法是倡导一整套能使所有学生受益的道德标准
 The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.
unit4
XI
1.从各方面考虑，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市
 Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.
2.尽管没有得到父母的赞同,他还是继续他的计划出国学习
 Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.
3.这座桥是以一位英雄的名字，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命
 The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.
4.据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的，他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定
 It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.
5.这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而一举成名，小说的灵感来自于他和一位姑娘在农场的经历
 The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.
6.有个故事说，US是“山姆大叔”的缩写，“山姆大叔”原名叫山姆,威尔逊，他曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食
 One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.
unit5
XI
1.直到看到弥留之际躺在床上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她
 Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.
2.考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错
 Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.
3.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否和活着
 Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.
4.整栋楼一片黑暗，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光 
The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.
5.这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并且对完成这项新任务有充分的准备
These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.
6.他伸手拿起电话，拨通了宾馆的号码  
He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number.
unit6
XI
1.我们应该尽最大努力预测地震，这样地震造成的财产破坏才会被尽可能的避免
 We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused  by them could be prevented as much as possible.
2.一个农民注意到有很多鱼在水面上游动，他说这预示着可能有地震发生
 A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.
3.要将英英词典放在手边，当你不能准确地理解单词时，你就能随时查阅 
Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.
4.如有必要，生活在将要发生地震地区的人可以睡在帐篷里
 If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.
5.对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确有很大影响 
A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.
6.这本书除了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预防工作
 In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them. 


不好意思，只找到这么多了

7. 新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 3 答案

新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 3 
III.
1. Inwardly 2. regret 3. occasion 4. complained 5. urged
6. coordinate 7. reluctance 8. envy 9. adjust 10. amazed
IV.
1. in 2. of 3. on 4. on 5. to 6. out 7. to 8. to 9. on 10. about
V.
1. O 2.J 3.N 4.L 5.I 6.C 7.H 8.E 9.A 10.F
VI.
1. He had his ears pierced even though I told him not to.
2. It was exciting game even though no goals were scored.
3. He was treated exactly like all the other workers even though he had just joined the company.
4. Even though you disagree with her, she’s worth listening to.
5. There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working and did two jobs at the same time.
VII.
1. After learning some simple Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the other students in her class.
2. When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writing according to a specific structure.
3. Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.
4. While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all the time.
5. The grass will grow more quickly if watered regularly.
VIII.
1. I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not very well paid.
2. The job has been taken to be very simple until (it is) actually started.
3. Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter.
4. He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.
5. This is an important meeting. Please see to it that you are not late for it.
6. He is experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.
IX.
1. 他决心向那个女孩谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。
2. 一离开那条长长的正街，他就发现自己身处城里十分贫穷的区域。
3. 听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。
4. 每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。
5. 我的第一位老板真让人讨厌，让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐趣。我干了没多久就走人了。
6. 你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗？伦敦有重要公干，总公司正在考虑派你去。
X. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A
11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16. C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A
XII
All of my classmates believe that Sandy has a good taste for music. The music she listens to always has a clear, strong rhythm and the music has a message for us to think about.Also, the words in the music are just like poems, so beautiful and easy for us to remember.

8. 新视野大学英语读写教程第三册翻译答案

新视野大学英语读写教程第三册答案1.No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.
2.Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.
3.Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
4.If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.
5.Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.
6.Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company7.The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence.
8.All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.
9.No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
10.Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
11.If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.
12.Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.13.In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.
14.Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.
15.In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.
16.As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.
17.It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.
18.The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them19.Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.
20.Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.
21.The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.
22.It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.
23.The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.
24.One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army25.Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.
26.Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.
27.Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.
28.The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.
29.These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.
30.He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number31. We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.
32. A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.
33. Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.
34. If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.
35. A master ’ s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.
36. In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.
37. An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.
38. There ’ s/It ’ s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint.What ’ s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happiness.
39. Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.
40. As you would expect from the book ’ s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.
41. The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.
42. He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.